Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Case Study

Due to Matt’s diagnosis of PTSD and depression symptoms, it was imperative to utilize an approach that if possible, could decrease all symptomology. Empirically, research shows that with the successful treatment of PTSD, comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety are also greatly reduced (Blachard et al., 2003; National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK, 2005). Thus so it seemed utilizing an empirically supported treatment for PTSD will assist in decreasing Matt’s depression PTSD symptomatology. Due to Matt’s PTSD symptomatology and presentation, Trauma Focused- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) was used as the treatment approach. TF-CBT is an evidenced-based treatment approach that is designed to reduce negative emotional†¦show more content†¦Cognitive coping teaches the cognitive triangle and teaches skills on how to challenge unhelpful or inaccurate cognitions. Trauma narrative and processing involves both emotional and cognitive processing of the trauma as the child creates a detailed account of the trauma including thoughts, feelings, and sensory cues. In vivo mastery is engaged by the use of a fear hierarchy and use of approach activities to reduce anxiety and avoidance. Conjoint session is when the child shares with the caregiver the trauma narrative in order to increase communication between the child and caregiver. The role of the caregiver is to provide support, praise, and encouragement to the child. Enhancing safety is the final component whe re teaching strategies are utilized to reduce risk of re-victimization by creating a plan for the future with the use of assertiveness skills, development of a safety plan, and body ownership (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2012). TF-CBT has strong support as a trauma treatment for children (Sargent, Hanson, Reece, 2014). Studies listed by the 2012 Child Welfare Information Gateway consistently demonstrate that TF-CBT is useful in reducing symptoms of PTSD in children who have experienced sexual abuse. In a 2005 study conducted by Cohen, Deblinger, Mannarino and Steer, 229 8-14 year old children who met criteria for PTSD in regards to sexual abuse were randomlyShow MoreRelatedTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1720 Words   |  7 Pagesadolescents worldwide experience events that are traumatizing. If exposure to trauma is not treated, it could lead to various mental health problems. Researchers have reported a connection between traumatization and increases in mood and anxiety disorders, but the most frequently reported symptoms of psychological distress are post-traumatic stress symptoms (Cohen, Mannarino Iyengar, 2011). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is basically a conjoint parent and child psychotherapy approachRead MoreDifferent Methods Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy1474 Words   |  6 PagesThis summary will provide the reader with different methods of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. CBT can be used for multiple populations and is known for changing the way one thinks. This summary will focus on the use of CBT with children who have experienced a traumatic event in their life, also known as post traumatic disorder (PTSD). The articles that have been reviewed provide different interventions for children who have experienced PTSD and determine how effective the methods were. According toRead MoreYoga, Meditation, And Meditation933 Words   |  4 Pagesinterventions that are inexpensive and takes a short period of time to learn and implement to immediate results of relaxation. Symptoms of trauma victims like depression, anxiety, and pain are reduced when these interventions are practiced and implemented. Although a limitation of the study is that the individuals were mostly men in the military, the study illustrates that proper implementation can assist clients like Jessica. Moreover, yoga, mantra, mindfulness, and meditation can decrease difficultyRead MoreTrauma Case Study : Trauma Case839 Words   |  4 PagesTrauma Case Study Summary Case Overview This trauma case primarily involves two American Indian clients: grandmother (caregiver) and 21 month old female (grandchild), DHS, and Indian Child Welfare. There are two twin boys (grandchildren), who were born as premature meth babies, however, no signs of trauma or developmental issues appear at this time. The 21 month old female child has been a victim of childhood trauma invoked by her biological parents and secondary trauma experiences of verbal andRead MoreInterventions For Children Exposed At Intimate Partner Violence1421 Words   |  6 Pagesprovided for this paper is based on the studies provided by Community Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder for Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2011) as well as Toward Evidence-based Treatment: Child-parent Psychotherapy with Preschoolers Exposed to Marital Violence (2005). The analysis of the data provided in both articles will serve to prove that both Child-Parent Psychotherapy and Trauma Focused Behavioral Therapy can reduce the symptoms in childrenRead MoreParental Loss At A Young Age1322 Words   |  6 Pages 2006). Studies conducted concerning childhood bereavement suggest that early parental loss can lead to the development of poorly regulated neuro-emotional response systems (Brotman, Gouley, Klein, Castellanos Pine, 2003) and the alteration of brain structures that help with memory and cognitive functioning (Lupien et al., 2006; Vanitallie, 2002). Because of the impact of the loss, often times, children need help to recover from the loss of their parent. There have been several studies conductedRead MoreExamining Effectiveness Of Treatment Strategies Used With Survivors Of Rape1357 Words   |  6 PagesTreatment Strategies Used With Survivors of Rape Therapy for survivors of rape is often difficult to obtain. The lack of availability of counselors who specialize in specific trauma treatments, like prolonged exposure and cognitive-processing therapy, as well as lack of insurance and location, are hardships for treatment-seeking individuals. Therefore, it is important to pinpoint the most effective treatments for those who have suffered the trauma of rape. The purpose of this research is to outlineRead MoreChildhood Abuse Or Neglect And Genetically Such As Relative With Mental Health Problems1727 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood abuse or neglect and genetically such as relative with mental health problems. â€Å"Demographics and trauma history with age, gender, educational level, employment status, marital status, history of psychological intervention counselling, current use of psychotropic medication, type of trauma, time since the trauma and following traumatic event† (Karatzias et. al, 2013, p. 503). Not all trauma sur vivors will develop permanent PTSD disorders and some may be later on will be affected. The risk factors:Read MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Adults Sexual Behavior1521 Words   |  7 Pagesand 12 to 18% of men were victims of adolescent or childhood sexual abuse (Long, Burnett, Thomas, 2006). According to the National child abuse and neglect data system, an estimated 9.3 percent of confirmed or substantiated child abuse and neglect cases in 2005 involved sexual abuse (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007). This figure would average up to 83,800 victims in 2005 alone (USDHHS, 2007). Certain characteristics among children have been found to increase risk. Children withRead MoreCbt And Narrative Therapy For My Client s Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Throughout the semester, we analyzed two very different treatment modalities of therapeutic interventions. These methods were Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Narrative Therapy. The framework and strategy behind each of these concepts could benefit a particular client depending on diagnosis and various other factors. Moreover, in some instances, a combination of both therapeutic interventions may be most constructive. In this paper, I will introduce my client and provide details

Types of Literary Criticism Free Essays

Types of Literary Criticism Since ancient times, readers have debated and critiqued literature from a variety of perspectives. Some have looked at a story or play from a moral stance, considering how values are represented in a text. Another critic might evaluate a poem in terms of its form. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Literary Criticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recent critics have looked at literature to see what it might be saying about our lives in society, our political or power relations, gender roles, or sexuality. Below I have summarized some types of literary criticism you might consider when reading or writing about literature. If you’re interested in knowing more, see the Purdue Online Writing Lab or OWL or read Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide, by Louis Tyson. The Gavilan library website offers resources for students conducting research on literature. (You will need a Gavilan library card to access this information and can apply for a card in person or online. ) The library also has a helpful website on Academic Research Guidelines that will help you identify legitmate sources for your research and avoid plagiarism. See me, a librarian, and/or a writing assistant at the Gavilan Writing Center for help with writing about literature. * Moral Criticism, Dramatic Construction (~360 BC-present) * Formalism, New Criticism, Neo-Aristotelian Criticism (1930s-present) * Psychoanalytic Criticism, Jungian Criticism(1930s-present) * Marxist Criticism (1930s-present) * Reader-Response Criticism (1960s-present) * Structuralism/Semiotics (1920s-present) * Post-Structuralism/Deconstruction (1966-present) * New Historicism/Cultural Studies (1980s-present) * Post-Colonial Criticism (1990s-present) Feminist Criticism (1960s-present) * Gender/Queer Studies (1970s-present) Sociological criticism: Like historical criticism, sociological criticism examines literature in the cultural, economic, and political context in which it is written or received. This type of criticism may analyze the social content of a literary work—the cultural, economic, or political values a particular text implicitly or explicitly exp resses. Reader-response criticism: This type of criticism attempts to describe what happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting a text. A reader-response critic might also explore the impact of a particular text on his or her own ideas or values. For example, one might reflect on how a particular character seems admirable or unlikable and why. One might reflect on how one’s religious, culture, or social values affect readings. It also overlaps with gender criticism in exploring how men and women may read the same text with different assumptions. Gender criticism: This type of criticism examines how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary works. Gender studies originated during the feminist movement, when critics began investigating the unexamined assumptions around gender in a piece of literature. Feminist critics explored how an author’s gender might—consciously or unconsciously—affect his or her writing. These critics may also explore how images of men or women in literature might reflect or reject the social norms around gender in a particular society. Mythological criticism: Mythological critics explore the universal patterns underlying a literary work. This type of criticism draws on the insights of anthropology, history, psychology, and comparative religion to explore how a text uses myths and symbols drawn from different cultures and epochs. A central concept in mythological criticism is the archetype, a symbol, character, situation, or image that evokes a deep universal response. For example, critic Joseph Campbell, in his books like The Hero with a Thousand Faces, demonstrates how similar mythic characters and situations, like the hero’s journey, appear in virtually every culture. Biographical criticism: Biographical critics explore how understanding an author’s life can help readers more thoroughly comprehend the literary work. Note: biographical critics are not concerned with simply describing the author’s life but instead with interpreting the literary work using the insights provided by knowledge of the author’s life. New Historicism: New historicist critics look at the impact of the politics, ideologies, and social customs of the author’s world on the themes, images, and characterizations of a text. This type of critic considers the historical events or conditions during which the work was written. Psychoanalytic criticism: This type of criticism views the themes, conflicts, and characterizations of a work primarily as a reflection of the needs, emotions, states of mind, or subconscious desires of the author. Formalist criticism: Formalist critics look closely at the work itself, analyzing the various elements of the work as a way of explicating or interpreting a text. How to cite Types of Literary Criticism, Papers

Strategic Information System Business Era & Globalization

Question: Describe about the Strategic Information System for Business Era Globalization. Answer: Introduction In the current time of competitive business era globalization, a wide range of accounting/financial software/packages are used by the corporate individual users for the purpose to gain competitive advantages, enhance market share, bring innovation within the financial reporting systems, development in the payroll systems, reduce costs. In this way, such accounting/financial software/packages offer both financial as non financial advantages to the companies. For case, by using such tools, the users are able to get real time solution of their financial and accounting issues/errors. Moreover, the current and future financial situation can be improved by using software. Additionally, such software/packages assist the companies or users to take strategic financial and accounting decisions and bring innovation within the current business processes and strategies. For instance, these allow the users to conduct and develop their financial reports accurately and smoothly within the pre-determined time period. Additionally, different key and significant financial and accounting functions associated with the payroll, financial reporting, auditing, job card etc can be improved effectively with the effective utilization of software/packages. On the other hand, this research would offer description about the available accounting software in the Australia. At the same time, it would also cover and analyze the history, development and adoption, the current market size, market leaders, competitive advantage to the companies, and challenges encountered by users or customers of accounting software/packages. Literature Review In the Australia, both individual and corporate users (small, large and medium sized organizations) are using various financial and accounting software (such as: MYOB, Recon, XERo, PROFITBOOKS, SAP, Quickbooks) in order to conduct different business functions related to payroll systems, taxation, inventory, supply chain management, billing, invoicing, controlling of costs expenses. So, such software are used as strategic and core planning tolls to bring innovation, improvements and development within the current systems. Moreover, it is also important to know that, MYOB, Recon and Xero are the major players/vendors within the software industry of the Australia that had coved maximum market in the form of total sales, revenue, level of profitability, customers satisfaction, variety of services. History, Development and Adoption, Current Market Size, Competitive Advantage, current gaps or challenges, Suggestions/recommendation of Xero, Recon and Myob Xero: Shim, and Siegel, (2005) analyzed that; Xero is one of the New Zeeland based company that provides accounting software/packages to their users. It was established in the year 2006 by the Rod Drury at Wellington city for the purpose to offer real time solution of the financial and accounting problems. Initially, it was used as traditional desktop accounting software to run general accounting functions and transactions. But, currently, the software solutions provided by the company are based on cloud such as modern accounting software. Moreover, it is found that, it came within the Australian software industry as software as a service (SaaS) solution (Xero, 2016). This software was developed in order to overcome the financial and accounting inefficiencies of the companies. In the same way, this is adopted by the user organizations to overcome the financial and accounting errors through cloud based software. In addition to this, the company has only 12% market share of the total Australian software industry due to accessibility of MYOB and Recon. At the same time, it should also be noted down that, this software is most cost effective and used for the organization those having the problems related to inventory and supply chain management. Harmon, and Auseklis, (2009) stated that, by using, Xero, the users organizations are able to conduct and run their business functions related to supply chain and inventory more innovatively and effectively that provide competitive advantages to the company. Moreover, this software assists and allows the use to access and run various key functions such as bank balance, clients claims, and expenses more effectively. The users can manage and control various core and strategic business functions effectively and generate revenue on the regular basis. It also provides various solutions to the problems to the users so that they can overcome and deal with different accounting and financial errors or risks properly. But, it is not cost effective and not appropriate by the large companies. It is because the expectation process takes much more time and increase organizational operational costs directly. Moreover, through this, the user firms are not able to generate profit for the longer time. So, it is suggested that, in order to deal with such issues and overcome these challenges, the users organizations must understand the implementation process effectively and read properly the manual guides (Kumar and Lu, 2010). Reckon: According to Monks, and Minow, (2008), it is leading accounting software company in the Australia that came into the market in 1987. The founder of the company is Greg Wilkinson. Moreover, firstly the Recon software was introduced in the market of UK in 1983 in order to offer the financial and accounting solution to the problems. The company had made a business contract with the Intuit and entered into the market to offer unique services to the users. In addition to this, this Recon accounting software was developed as ERP solution in order to offer real time solutions to the companies facing several financial and accounting issues. It is adopted by the users as most innovative accounting solution or tools that assists the users to overcome financial errors and improve profitability. For case, basically, this software is employed to conduct business functions related to job card, payroll systems, accounting transactions (Morley, and Parker, 2009). On the other hand, it is analyzed that, after the MYOB, it is the second largest company offering accounting solutions in the Australia that had covered more than 18% market share of the whole Australian accounting software industry. But, the main challenges associated with this are that, it can only use for the limited business functions not unlimited. Moreover, the implementation process increases the costs for the users because there is need of a special technical person to install this software (Reckon 2016). But, such issues can be overcome by using specific strategies. For instance, the user organizations must understand all the criteria, ways and process of implementation and can reduce operational costs effectively. MYOB: Binu and Meenakumari, (2012) examined that, It is Australian most profitable and largest accounting software company that was formed by Christopher Lee in the year 1980 along with his team at Teleware Inc. It is most used and powerful accounting software available in the nation because the services and solutions provided by the company are unique, dynamic and innovative. Data-Tech Software Company was the publisher of the MYOB. On the other hand, it is also important to know that, this software is developed in order to improve and bring accuracy, innovation, speed, motivate the staff within the accounting and financial functions. Moreover, it is adopted by the users in order to run the business practices and functions those are directly or indirectly related with the taxation, payroll, job card etc (Needles, Powers, and Crosson, 2010). At the same time, Parsons, and Oja, (2012) accessed that, offering the real time solution, up to date data, reduction of frustration, encouragement of staff etc are the key features and functionalities of this MYOB that provides it competitive advantages over the others. Furthermore, the company is the biggest and leading company that had coved more than 71% total market share of the industry. Along with this, it is analyzed that, this software has various limitations that creates issues for the users. For instance, issues related with the hacking, data security, lengthy implementation process etc are the key challenges associated with this. But, such issues can be overcome by using and adopting security policies and understanding the guidelines provided by the company (Carol, 2009). Conclusion On the basis of above analysis, it can be concluded that, PROFITBOOKS, SAP, MYOB, Recon, ERP, QuickBooks etc are the major software available within the market that used by the users in order to run business functions smoothly and overcome organizational inefficiencies or errors more effectively. But, in the Australian software Industry, MYOB, Recon and Xero are the market leader that had maximum market share and providing unique solutions to the users organizations. These software/packages plays a fundamental and key role in improving the profitability, productivity and reducing several operational and others costs effectively. Simply, it can be said that, such software are used a strategic planning tools that offers strategic directions to the users about how to compete in the market by bringing improvements, development and innovation within the business functions related to the finance/accounting. References Binu, S. and Meenakumari, J. (2012). A Security Framework for an Enterprise System on Cloud. Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), 3(4), 548-525. Carol, A.G. (2009). Recovery Act: As Initial Implementation Unfolds in States and Localities, Continued Attention to Accountability Issues Is Essential. USA: DIANE Publishing. Goel et al., (2011). Impact of cloud Computing on ERP implementations in Higher Education, (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2(6), 1-10. Griffin, M.P. (2009). MBA Fundamentals Accounting and Finance. USA: Kaplan Publishing. Grossman, T. and Livingstone, J. L. (2009). The Portable MBA in Finance and Accounting (4th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. Harmon, R. and Auseklis, N. (2009). Sustainable it services: Assessing the impact of green computing practices. Management of Engineering Technology, 2009. PICMET 2009. Portland International Conference on, 1707-1717. Kumar, K. and Lu, Y. (2010). Cloud computing for mobile users: Can offloading computation save energy?. COMPUTER, 43(4), pp. 51-56. Monks, R.A.G. and Minow, N. (2008). Corporate Governance (4th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. Morley, D. and Parker, C.S. (2009). Understanding Computers: Today Tomorrow, 2009 Upate: Today and Tomorrow. USA: Cengage Learning. MYOB (2016). About Us. Available At: https://myob.com.au/ [Accessed on 19 Sept 2016] Needles, B.E., Powers, M. and Crosson, S.V. (2010). Financial Managerial Accounting. USA: Cengage Learning. Parsons, J.J. and Oja, D. (2012). Computer Concepts: Illustrated Introductory (9th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Reckon (2016). About Reckon. Available At: https://www.reckon.com/ [Accessed on 19 Sept 2016] Shim, J.K. and Siegel, J.G. (2005) The Vest Pocket Guide to Information Technology (2nd ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. Xero (2016). About Us. Available At: https://www.xero.com/ [Accessed on 19 Sept 2016]

Julius Caesar Essays (240 words) - , Term Papers

In the play of Julius Caesar, we see a brief picture of Roman life during the time of the First Triumvirate. In this snap shot, we see many unfortunate things. Shakespeare gives us the idea that many people try to circumvent what the future holds, such as unfortunate things, by being superstitious. Superstition seems to play a role in the basic daily life of most Roman citizens. For instance, the setting of the first scene is based upon superstition, the Feast of Lupercal. This feast is in honor of the god Pan, the queen of fertility. During this time, infertile females are supposed to be able to procreate, and fertile ones are supposed to be able to bear more. It is also a supposed time of sexual glorification and happiness. Other scenes depict how throughout Rome, roaming the streets are mysterious sooth-sayers, who are supposedly given the power to predict the future. Dictating what is to come through terse tidbits, these people may also be looked upon as superstitious. In the opening scene, one sooth-sayer, old in his years, warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March," an admonition of Caesar's impending death. Although sooth-sayers are looked upon by many as insane out of touch lower classmen, a good deal of them, obviously including the sayer Caesar encountered, are indeed right on the mark. Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings without fee, one

Vodafone Group Plc

Vodafone Group Plc Vodafone Group Plc is a telecommunication company with most of its branches in Europe, Africa, United States of America, and the Middle East. In Australia, it is under Vodafone Hutchison Australia with a 50% share by Vodafone Group Plc and 50% share by Hutchison (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Vodafone Group Plc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This company now provides 3G coverage services to 94% of Australians; these services are affordable and accessible by consumers. However, Vodafone operates in an environment where competition is high; there are other companies such as Optus, which provide similar products and services. Therefore, Vodafone should improve in the way it delivers its services to customers. Telecommunication industry operates in a challenging economic background and despite this, and the rising unemployment, the industry has continued to offer attractive services. T his industry has remained resilient; however, it is not immune to changes in the economy because it renders services that are essential for work and social use. Despite the ups and downs of this industry, companies such as Vodafone and Optus remain innovative in their products and services, and still make reasonable profits (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Vodafone experiences slow growth in its voice and messaging market following competition from other companies such as Optus, and regulatory pressure. However, there are still opportunities for Vodafone in broadband markets and enterprising. This is because of the increasing demand for integrated solutions in Australia. Vodafone offers varieties of devices, which include handsets mobile USB modems, as well as data cards. The handsets take care of customers with different tastes and preferences and offers handsets with different price points and designs. The devices launched by this company include Blackberry Storm touch screen and iPhon e (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Vodafone also offer mobile broadband, which enables customers to access the internet, the broadband has speeds of up to 2.0 Mbps uplink and 7.2 Mbps downlink. The company offers laptops of different models integrated with a 3G broadband and SIM cards. This is fit at the point of manufacture.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The USB modems together with their stick are designed to use â€Å"plug and play† software. Netbooks are also available in a small and lighter design; this includes Dell mini 9 netbook (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Customers who would like to use broadband fixed services are provided with DSL routers in wireless and wired designed. Vodafone also offers voice services, which constitutes the largest part of the company’s revenue; this service ensures that customers make and receive calls from the same network and the other network. The fees paid for outgoing calls are at termination rate, which is regulated by the local regulators. The coverage of this service has been expanded internationally; therefore, customers can make and receive calls from the other operator’s mobile networks when they are abroad. There are also messaging services, which allow customers to receive and send messages, video, music, sounds and pictures using their handsets (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Vodafone has other services, which help customers to access data services such as television, games, music and Internet. This is made possible through laptops, mobile phones and use of broadband modems. Customers also enjoy fixed services such as fixed line voice, fixed broadband and office phone solutions. All this services are delivered through a well established network infrastructure where mobile and fixed voice, as well as data and message services, are delivered to customers. Customers are linked to the core network through the access network, and it is through the core network that calls are routed, messages transferred, and data connections made (Vodafail.com, 2011). The mobile networks use 2G networks which operate through ‘GSM’ networks, this allows messaging, voice and data services. Vodafone also utilizes ‘GPRS’ network for receiving and sending data using an IP network and access to services such as email and internet access. This company also has GPRS advanced version, which offers speeds above 200 kilobits per second to their customers. Vodafone continues to expand its coverage in Australia and upgrade its transmission infrastructure; this is to ensure that all its customers receive quality services.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Vodafone Group Plc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vodafone distributes its devices through stores located in various points, in Australia, t hese stores are reviewed constantly to make sure that they meet market expectations (Vodafail.com, 2011). Products are sold through dealers and franchise, and their promotions are done through the Internet, which reduces promotion costs for Vodafone. Vodafone still need to pursue growth in Australia, and its target is in the provision of mobile data, broadband as well as enterprise. Most businesses in Australia require integrated solutions, therefore, the demand for devices such as broadband is rising; this would boost its revenues because it is a customer base that needs regular use of data services (Vodafail.com, 2011). When compared to other companies Vodafone is well established in core mobile services, it can use this advantage to broaden its market by offering fixed and mobile services and products to small and medium size businesses in Australia. Vodafone has been losing its customers because of poor service delivery; this is a weak point that might have come to open up the c ompany’s eye and make it realize the standard of service demanded by the Australian people. The company should capitalize on customers’ complaints and come up with a strong and reliable service delivery system than that of its competitors, and this will bring back customers it had lost and retain as well as attract more from the other companies. Vodafone is a foreign company based in Australia, this means that it could have problems with the local people adapting to its way of service delivery and adopting the products they offer. To solve this problem Vodafone has increased its strength by partnering with Hutchison Australia, a local operator in Australia. This move has enabled Vodafone to market its products and services in the territory of Hutchison Australia and under the cooperation of the two companies’ development and marketing of products and services is easy (Vodafail.com, 2011).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The partnership has also helped Vodafone to gain loyalty in Australia and create additional franchise fees without any requirement for equity investment. This put Vodafone on the same level as the local companies such as Optus Vodafone faces threats in Australia and these threats are initiated by intensifying competition from other companies offering similar products and services. In the recent times, Vodafone in Australia has faced problems with the network quality, quality of customer service, quality of products they sell and their distribution channels (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). These problems have reduced the rate at which Vodafone has been adding customers, lead to loss of customers to other competing companies offering the same products and services, and reduced its market size. This is a massive threat for Vodafone because all it has worked for in Australia might go to drain if drastic measures are not taken to restore the quality of service and products offered to their cu stomer or even improve them more (Vodafail.com, 2011). This might turn up to be costly for Vodafone because after improving its transmission infrastructure and quality of products, it has to re-advertise the products and services. This might take up much of its funds set aside for innovation, and research and development; the company might lose its competitiveness in the Australian market without the aspect of research and development. Therefore, Vodafone should be careful in the way it handles the situation. The messaging and data revenue for Vodafone is declining because of frequent changes in mobile phone technology; changes in technology delay adoption of new services because of availability of new mobile phones and new content services. Instability in this service affects the profit margin of Vodafone (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Optus is a telecommunication company in Australia with large fleets on domestic satellites. This company offers services such as internet, radio, satel lite based TV and voice mail and data services. Optus has D2 satellite which expands the existing satellite fleet; this helps Optus to provide communication services that do not much any company in Australia (Optus, 2008). The company also provides broadcasting, broadband services as well as giving wholesale access to customers who deliver internet and subscription TV services to others. Optus have stayed in the telecommunication industry for more than twenty years, and despite its continuous success, the company still continues to invest in Australia to improve its services to customers. Optus has also faced competition in the telecommunication industry especially in the mobile market; however, it still added 150,000 new mobile customers and increased its customers of smartphone and wireless broadband during the second quarter of the year 2010. All this is owed to differentiation of mobile offerings, strong network coverage and focus on customer experience. The network coverage of Optus was enhanced to reach close to 97% of Australian population who use voice and data services (Optus, 2008). Optus still experienced a devastating problem caused by floods in Queensland and Cyclone Yasi, however, Optus network was strong enough to go through unaffected. This shows that Optus has a strong network and people who work tirelessly to make sure that services are restored back to normal within a short time. This is as opposed to Vodafone which takes time to restore its services; this is an issue that has made them lose its customers to its competitors (Optus, 2010). This is a weakness Optus can capitalize on to defeat Vodafone. Optus registered another increase in its customer in the quarter that followed; 4.8 million customers joined Optus with 1.2 million using broadband subscribers. Optus has continued to differentiate its products in the market by launching different innovative services; these products include enhanced TV together with video application, which give Australians a free live streaming on their mobile phones (Optus, 2008). Optus has also partnered with TrueLocal.com.au, which allows the company to advertise its business online. Optus has also shown its commitment by supporting corporate customers through launching Optus Cloud Solution. This service offers scalable and flexible approach of managing IT resources and at the same time reduces costs incurred in infrastructure (Optus, 2010). Optus Cloud Solutions is a virtual computer with a storage capacity available on demand through a secure network connection. The company has also recorded a growth in on-net revenue from consumer and SMB fixed, and by the end of December 2010, on-net broadband customers increased to 946,000. Optus receives a customer’s experience as a measure of their performance against their competitors, which can be measured in seven dimensions: customer service, price, billing, network, point of sale and reputation. They analyze qualitative and quantitat ive data from customers and other customers as well as from their expertise in these dimensions. Optus has also developed their own KPIs, which they use to measure their performance against their competitors. When it comes to fixing performance problems as well as improving customer experience, Optus has initiated 40 significant projects with 20 already completed, and 20 are under construction (Optus, 2010). According to Optus management understanding customers’ expectations and experience should be given a priority, and with close to 8 million customers, they have designed survey programs used to capture views and requirements and forward the information to the company. This is done through regular interviews with customers and focus groups with the following aims: to find out whether their services are up to their customers expectations, their level of customer service when compared to their main competitors. Optus acknowledges that customers cannot always have a satisfacto ry experience with the company, which results in a complaint, and since their objective is to fulfill customers’ experience, they have to handle the complaints efficiently and effectively. Optus focuses on business operations in handling of customer complaints. They also consider the need to maintain productive relations with TIO and a feedback loop for continuous improvement of services (Optus, 2010). Their operations are directed to identifying the causes of complaints, managing it and ensure that the process has achieved their customer experience objectives. Complaints should be resolved at first contact with the customer, it not the complaint is referred to a team leader or TIO. Fig1. Service delivery process for Optus Company Vodafone has its own way of dealing with customers and handle their complaints. The company has received several complaints concerning the amount charged for services which was found to be incorrect by customers (Vodafail.com, 2011). These problems were blamed on unreliable Vodafone’s billing system; this system has had outages from December 2010 to January 2011. After reporting the problem, the person concerned checked the bills and confirmed the mistakes and customers were refunded. However, the source of the problem was not investigated; therefore, it was not solved. This means that there is a possibility of the problem recurring and every now and then, and if the trend continues some customers will get tired and shift to a more service efficient company. Sometimes customers experience dropping of calls and are charged a flag fall and every time they retrieve their calls they charged a minimum charge for it (Vodafail.com, 2011). This has resulted in high monthly bills and after monitoring the bandwidth it was realized that there was a higher usage than that of Huawei software. This issue required that the billing services be investigated to ensure that the billing was done fairly, however, according to some customer s Vodafone staff suggested to them to shift to a plan that was more expensive, and did not inform them about the new 24-month contracts (Vodafail.com, 2011). There are other customers who signed up for three months free service, but according to others, the three months were not free because they were counted the fourth, fifth and sixth contract. This experience was not appealing to customers, and if such complaints are not well taken care of customers would not hesitate to move away from the company. There are some cases where customers experience reception and are unable to make calls; this issue distress customers because they cannot make urgent and emergence calls and some cannot contact their families. Those who use such a service for doing business have to deal with the financial impacts associated with the technical problem (Vodafail.com, 2011). When customers try to conduct the customer care using the given number they congest lines making it difficult for some of them to re port their problem to the company. Some Vodafone employees have not been able to solve reported problems with others denying the existence of network issues while others dismissed the problems as handset related; employees in the customer care department should report any problem that is beyond their capacity (Vodafail.com, 2011). All this problems recurring and experienced by several customers show that Vodafone does not attend to customers complaints with the urgency, efficiency and effectiveness they deserve, and yet the problems can be easily solved through better communication between customers and company’s staff (Vodafail.com, 2011). If the company realizes any technical problem that might disrupt their service to their customers, the first thing is to inform customers earlier through their handsets, they should handle the problem within the shortest time possible assuming that customers depend on their service alone. After the problem has been solved entirely, they sh ould inform customers about returned normalcy as they try to monitor the systems. Vodafone staffs seemed unaware of the steps to follow to solve a problem in a service system; therefore, each one feels not responsible for problems in the service system and again no one feels responsible for solving the problems (Vodafail.com, 2011). The two companies should understand that effective service delivery requires constant interaction with customers; this will help them to understand the experiences of customers and their expectations, as well as their level of satisfaction. After collecting information about customers’ experiences and expectations, these companies should be able to adjust the way they deliver their services, and services they offer to their customers so as to meet their expectations (Vodafail.com, 2011). The companies should also understand that their customers cannot be satisfied all the time; therefore, they should expect complaints from time to time, and, in fa ct, these companies should treasure complaints because they give them a chance to improve on services they offer and how they offer them (Singtel, 2005). Complaints also help them assess how efficient they are in offering their services, compared to other companies offering the same services. The companies, therefore, should include feedback to customers in their service delivery systems any time they are handling a complaint. This is to ensure that the problem has been solved fully, and the customer is satisfied. Fig, 2. The recommended blueprint After the customer has reported a problem with the service he or she is receiving, the customer care should review the case to see if he or she have a capacity to solve the problem or offer assistance to the customer, if there is any technicality involved that is beyond his or her ability then the case should be forwarded to the team leader for solving problems or the TIO (Optus, 2008). As this team work hard to solve the problem, they sh ould maintain a feedback loop to ensure that the problem is solved effectively. Additionally, the customer should not be left in the dark regarding the problem because he or she feels the effect the most, constant feedback should be given to the customer to assure him or her that the problem is being taken care of, and the service will return to normalcy soon. The companies should also realize that it is not only the customer to report anomalies in their service delivery, but also the technical team. Therefore, in case of a technical problem or a forecasted problem, the company should take an initiative of informing the customer before he or she notices any problem, this would help the customer plan for an alternative or use the service before it is disrupted (Hoffman, 2010). This will reduce the inconveniences caused by the company and maintain customer relations. The customer should be informed of any interruptions of service prior to the actual interruption. Reference List Hoffma n, D. (2010). Services Marketing: Concepts, Strategies and Cases. New York: Cengage Learning. Optus. (2010). Australian Communications and Media Authority public inquiry: Reconnecting the Customer. Web. Optus. (2008). Business. Web. Singtel. (2005). News Release: Strongrevenue growth of 6% across Singapore and Australia. Web. Vodafail.com. (2011). Vodafones situation: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Web. Vodafone Group Plc. (2010). Annual Report For the year ended 31 March 2009. Web.

19 Examples of the Best Marketing Campaigns on the Internet

19 Examples of the Best Marketing Campaigns on the Internet Marketers are always looking to be inspired by the most innovative and creative campaigns. Even if we work in â€Å"boring industries† or without big budgets†¦ There’s something inspiring about seeing others in our profession pull out the big guns and launch a brilliant  marketing campaign like no one’s ever seen before. You can’t help but wonder what your creativity could unleash if you weren’t bound to typical marketing constraints like lack of budget, broken collaboration, managerial apprehension, and general project management hurdles that come along with planning campaigns with a lot of moving pieces. Go ahead, let your imagination fly. These real-life examples of the best marketing campaigns are bound to get your creative juices flowing. But first, download this marketing campaign planning bundle  to help you overcome some of the marketing constraints listed above. These templates *might* not be able to magically unlock some pot of cash to increase your marketing budget or instantly solve all your communication problems, but they’ll certainly help you plan your next marketing campaign more efficiently. You’ll find: An Annual Marketing Budget Template  to plan the financial aspects of all your marketing. A Marketing Plan Outline  to lay a good foundation for all your campaigns. A Marketing Campaign Checklist  to kick off your project right. A Marketing Project Management  Calendar to plan your entire strategy. The Most Creative Interactive Marketing Campaigns Data, technology, and new platforms have given marketers the ability to adjust and respond to customer actions in real-time. These marketing activities often fall into the category of â€Å"interactive marketing† and give individuals a unique, one-on-one exchange with a brand that wouldn’t otherwise be possible. Examples of interactive marketing campaigns include: Contests Quizzes, polls, and surveys Events and experiences And more†¦ Let’s break down some awesome examples of uber-creative interactive marketing campaigns. SNCF: Europe, It's Next Door This interactive marketing campaign from France’s national railway system encouraged Inter-European travel by giving individuals a sneak peek at what was happening around other cities in real-time. The company set up a series of doors which opened to two-way video screens. Individuals on the other side were located in a city across Europe. The video allowed individuals to interact with each other in a unique and engaging way. The campaign drew people into the idea of traveling to a new city and raised awareness that SNCF could make that trip a reality. Key Takeaways for Marketers: Go beyond video by exploring two-way video communication. Record the experience so it can be used for additional marketing opportunities. Make sure your marketing campaigns also achieve organization goals. Heineken: Go Places Heineken launched the first â€Å"Go Places† campaign in 2016 with the aim of highlighting the company’s unique personality and company culture to prospective employees. The first campaign allowed individuals to partake in an interactive interview†¦ a sort of â€Å"choose your own adventure† combined with a strengths finder outcome. Following the interactive questionnaire, individuals are given their results and encouraged to apply for a position with their LinkedIn profile. Key Takeaways for Marketers: Marketing campaigns can sell the company, too. Not just the product. People love personalized results. Showcase real employees when possible. Expedia: Explore Great Britain The Expedia microsite is an interactive video  that allows watchers to toggle between British cities as five different hosts give tours of their cities. Upon completing the video, Expedia gives a custom itinerary based on how much time you watched each location’s video. The custom itinerary provides lodging recommendations and what to see and do in each city. The video jumps from location to location seamlessly and offers viewers a customizable experience that makes you want to watch several times so you don’t miss anything. Key Takeaways for Marketers: Provide a unique offer at the end to encourage people to complete the video. Tie in real business results to show to campaign’s worth. Utilize a microsite to ensure a great user experience. Waze: On the Road Waze took all of their data and leveraged it into an item of sponsored content with the New York Times. The data presented interesting trends in how we drive, when, and to what locations. What makes this content interactive is the company added quiz functionality to test the reader’s smarts about trends in driving. Key Takeaways for Marketers: Interactive marketing doesn’t have to be overly complicated. Data can be used to create interactive marketing tools/quizzes for marketing purposes. Partner with another company to increase reach.

Compare and contrast how foreign antigens are recognised by the innate Essay

Compare and contrast how foreign antigens are recognised by the innate and the adaptive immunity - Essay Example The innate immunity system is composed of four main components each of which contains a large number of different types of cells. These four main components are: Phagocytes, Interferon, Compliment system and Natural Killer cells. The innate immunity is non-specific and targets every foreign antigen that it is exposed to. Also the response to these foreign antigens is very rapid. Mast cells of the innate immunity system release histamine which causes inflammation and dilation of the capillaries to allow the needed action. Adaptive immunity also aims to protect the body against infectious particles however the mode of action and the components involved are quite different from that of innate immunity. The adaptive immunity is very specific recognizing and acting against a specific antigen. The response against the antigen is quite slow when compared with the innate immunity and there is a time delay between the onset of antigens and the action taken by the adaptive immunity. The action however is targeted and once it is taken, it leads to rapid removal of antigens from the body. In both the innate and the adaptive immunity, the response to the foreign antigens takes place in two phases: the activation phase and the effector phase. The activation phase is very similar in both of these systems. During the activation phase, antigens are presented by the Major histocompatibility complexes to the T-cells. In the innate immunity the antigen is presented to the cytotoxic T cell which after recognizing the signal proliferates and produces perforin in order to lyse the infected cell. On the other hand, in the adaptive immunity, the antigens are presented to T-helper cells. The helper cells release cytokines which allow it to proliferate into clones. These clones then act on individual B-cells which cause them to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells or memory cells. Like the innate immunity, the adaptive

A Case Study on a South African Investment Essay

A Case Study on a South African Investment - Essay Example Such a process creates a situation for the decision-maker that he or she has never done before (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2008). On the other hand, business ethics is defined as applied ethics, and is the application of the knowledge of understanding what is good and right in the context of business, transactions and other related situations (Velasquez, 2012). The beliefs, values and goals of a company reflect what the management understands about handling the business through moral perspectives. However, many companies and other businesses have been labeled negatively due to the rise of scandals involving unethical and illegal operations, which challenges the trust ratings of the public (Ferrell et al., 2008). Another is that not only do companies suffer but entities they are associated with also get negative publicity just by being tied to them. Thus is the strong need for the implementation of strong business ethics in large groups and companies. A case study involving a moral and social dilemma that needs well-thought actions but is at the mercy of the government is presented (Velasquez, 2012). In the 1970’s to the 1980’s turmoil has been brewing in South Africa regarding the apartheid system being practiced, as well as the oppression of the majority of the population (blacks) by the minority (whites). US oil companies Texaco, Inc. and Standard Oil Company of California (SoCal), joint owners of Caltex Petroleum Co. were pushed by the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, coordinated and lead by project director Tim Smith to pull out and terminate their operations in South Africa due to extreme and unfortunately legal racial discrimination among the black Africans by the whites. Such includes the complete segregation of blacks from whites, the deprivation of basic human rights such as voting rights, the right to claim a parcel of land, being underpaid, among others (ibid). Owners of Caltex insist that they were indeed committed to the improvement of their employees by increasing their wages and narrowing the gap between white and black Africans’ incomes (Nickel, 1968). If they withdraw from operating and expanding in South Africa, the results would greatly affect all employees of Caltex, both black and white South Africans. However there were still constraints that were beyond their control, and were implemented by the South African government. Among these are: the segregation of where the blacks live from the whites, the provision of strategic products to the government as per the law, and other forms of support of the apartheid law (Smith, 1971). The eventual imposition of martial law in South Africa in 1985 caused a severe recession of the economy, civil unrest, and an increase of unemployment by up to 35% (Velasquez, 2012). Western nations sanctioned the government by not allowing the renewal of loans of private companies, but this was met with retaliation by not repaying any of their foreign debt starting September of 1985 (ibid.). The possible utilitarian benefits of the Caltex 1977 expansion is not as important as the possible violations of moral rights and justice that could be involved with it. Yes, the expansion would have been beneficial to the employed citizens, and that it would put food on their tables, but it still does not give them any proper rights at all, and that no matter how much they get promoted, they were still lower-class citizens (Smith, 1971). Also, there would be the eventual unrest due to the people realizing that they are the true owners of their land, and that they have been treated unjustly for so long. There is also almost no

Causes of Obesity Essay Example for Free

Causes of Obesity Essay In fact, obesity is usually caused by unhealthy eating combined with sustained lack of activity. When the amount of calories intake is larger than the amount you need for your daily activities, it will be stored as fat in your body. And the problem of obesity will gradually develop. You may wonder what the main reason of obesity is. As a matter of fact, disorder in eating habits is the main cause of the problem. If you do not try to control the amount and kind of food you eat, you may develop obesity easily. To this end you may know that your lifestyle will certainly have effect on your body weight. Your genetic makeup may also play an important role. The probability for you to develop obesity will certainly be higher if your family members have the history of obesity. As a result, you should be very careful if you family has such history. It is very common for us to eat junk food these days. We are so busy that we tend to have all our meals in our local fast food shops. As a matter of fact, a lot of people love eating burgers. However, they are usually of too much fact and it will not be good to your health if you eat burgers too much. The main problem of eating burgers is that you will not feel full with one burger. Yet a burger can already be enough for your meal. This is really a mismatch and there will certainly be a problem if you eat two burgers in one meal. There are a lot of ways to combat the problem of obesity. Of course you will need to change your lifestyle if you have the problem of obesity. You will need to start eat healthy. You should eat less junk food. Of course at the same time you should not skip any meal. It is also important for you to do more exercises. This will help you to burn more calories so that they will not be stored as fat in your body. If the problem is very serious, you may even need to take a weight loss surgery. However, you should take the option of surgery the last resort.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is an acclaimed work by one of America's famous early writers, Samuel Langhorn Clemens. Mr. Clemens wrote under the pen name of Mark Twain. The book was written in 1884. This book traces the story of a young man named Huckleberry Finn, or Huck for short, from conformity to the Southern way of thinking, to his own ideas. The story begins when he is trying to become what he calls "sivilized" by a widow and a woman named Miss Watson in the small town of Hannibal, Mississippi. His Pap, the town drunk finds out that Huck has found a large sum of money. When the judge of the town wont give Huck to his father because of Pap's racous behavior, Pap kidnaps Huck. He takes him to a cabin where they live together. Pap is abusive towards Huck, and locks him in the cabin whenever he leaves. Huck formulates a plan to escape, faking his own death, and implements it. He escapes down the Mississippi river in a canoe. Stopping at an island near Hannibal Huck discovers Jim, a runaway slave from his old house in town. They set off together down the Mississippi for wild adventures together. The meet up with scoundrels and murders frequently, and every time Huck outsmarts all the obstacles put in his way as he and Jim travel to the Ohio river. Once there he and Jim could travel up the Ohio to the north and Jim would be a free man. But they miss the Ohio by accident and keep going down the wide Mississippi. They have adventures to numerous to record, at the end of the adventure Jim is a willed free when his previous owner dies and Huck, with a new outlook on southern culture decideds to move on to new territory. In The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn, Huck is the narrator. The charachter of Huck Finn was very different than the society that he was born into. Mr. Twain uses Hucks open mindedness as a window to let humor and the books points and morals shine through. Huck always takes things very literaly. This not only adds to the humor of the book, but it also lets some of the books deeper messages come through. In the first scenes of the book Huck is struggling to understand the concepts of Miss Watson's heaven and hell. He finds her harp strumming view of heaven boring and he wants to be in an exciting place. When Miss Watson tells Huck that he will get anything he prays for, he takes it very literally and decides to Huck Finn :: essays research papers The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is an acclaimed work by one of America's famous early writers, Samuel Langhorn Clemens. Mr. Clemens wrote under the pen name of Mark Twain. The book was written in 1884. This book traces the story of a young man named Huckleberry Finn, or Huck for short, from conformity to the Southern way of thinking, to his own ideas. The story begins when he is trying to become what he calls "sivilized" by a widow and a woman named Miss Watson in the small town of Hannibal, Mississippi. His Pap, the town drunk finds out that Huck has found a large sum of money. When the judge of the town wont give Huck to his father because of Pap's racous behavior, Pap kidnaps Huck. He takes him to a cabin where they live together. Pap is abusive towards Huck, and locks him in the cabin whenever he leaves. Huck formulates a plan to escape, faking his own death, and implements it. He escapes down the Mississippi river in a canoe. Stopping at an island near Hannibal Huck discovers Jim, a runaway slave from his old house in town. They set off together down the Mississippi for wild adventures together. The meet up with scoundrels and murders frequently, and every time Huck outsmarts all the obstacles put in his way as he and Jim travel to the Ohio river. Once there he and Jim could travel up the Ohio to the north and Jim would be a free man. But they miss the Ohio by accident and keep going down the wide Mississippi. They have adventures to numerous to record, at the end of the adventure Jim is a willed free when his previous owner dies and Huck, with a new outlook on southern culture decideds to move on to new territory. In The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn, Huck is the narrator. The charachter of Huck Finn was very different than the society that he was born into. Mr. Twain uses Hucks open mindedness as a window to let humor and the books points and morals shine through. Huck always takes things very literaly. This not only adds to the humor of the book, but it also lets some of the books deeper messages come through. In the first scenes of the book Huck is struggling to understand the concepts of Miss Watson's heaven and hell. He finds her harp strumming view of heaven boring and he wants to be in an exciting place. When Miss Watson tells Huck that he will get anything he prays for, he takes it very literally and decides to

Make Probability Real

Probability plays a crucial and important role in many things: industries, recreation, etc. Let's see how many we can think of. I know that we will all be amazed at how much our every day life is influenced by probability. †¢ Identify at least one example of probability encountered in everyday life which has not previously been mentioned. I am the â€Å"chef† in the house and work most of my hours in the afternoon.As I am the one who is the most creative in the kitchen and the evening hours at work prevents me form cooking dinner during a normal time, the probability of me cooking and having dinner prepared before noon, to be heated up later is very high. If my family is to eat a home cooked meal, I am the one to create it. The probability is between 95-97%. †¢ †¢ Explain how probability is used in that situation. Probability is used in the above situation because nobody in my home can cook a homemade meal. They love to eat, but they are terrible in the kitchen. The only way that they will eat a home cooked meal in our home is if I cook it earlier in the day and they re-heat it at dinner time. If something had come up during the day, and I am unable to cook a meal, then the probability that anyone in the house would cook would be zero; because as I stated earlier I am the only cook in our home. †¢ †¢ Identify the type of probability your example best fits by explaining whether it is an independent event or dependent upon something else. This situation described could be either a dependent or independent event.In the case of a dependent event, I would be available during the day, with all of the ingredients to prepare the meal and nothing comes up during the day that would preclude me from cooking the meal. In the event that something came up, this would become an independent event because then I would not be available to cook because I was not at the house able to cook. The greater probability of me being available early in the da y is greater than me not being available to cook; because without me cooking my family would have to go out to eat and we are a family who loves to have a different home made creation daily.

Ankle Sprain

An Ankle Sprain of a Female Colligate Basketball Player Objective: To introduce a case study about a mild ankle sprain. Background: The most common way to sprain an ankle in basketball is to step on someone else’s foot, or to plant and to turn the wrong way. Differential Diagnosis: Could be an injury to the deltoid ligament, CF, or the ATF ligament. Treatment: Ice, High volt, Theraband, Towel scrunches, Towel stretches, Whirlpool Conclusion: Rehab will help her get her strength back in her ankle as long she continues to work hard. Keywords: Ankle sprain, High volt, Medial and Lateral Malleolus Objective The ankle joint is the most commonly injured part of the lower leg. It happens from an unusual twisting action when the foot is planted awkwardly or when running on uneven ground. An unbearable amount of force is placed on the joint itself. Such injuries occur all the time in athletics or just by running. The ankle is made up of bones, tendons, and ligaments. The major bone of the lower leg is the tibia; it holds most of the body’s weight. It is made up part of the medial malleolus, which consist of the inside up hump of the ankle. The fibula is the next largest of the ankle bone in the lower leg. It forms the lower leg end form the lateral malleolus, the outer hump of the ankle. The smallest ankle bone is the talus which completely makes up the bone on the top of the foot. The tendons connect the muscle to the bones. There are several muscles that help control motion at the ankle. The tendon connects one or more of the bones to the foot. Tendons can be stretch to torn when a great amount of tension is placed upon it. They can also be pulling away from the bone, such as the Achilles tendon rupture. Ligaments provide connections between the bones. Ligaments are mostly sprained. The ankle has many bones that comes together to form the joint. The most commonly injured ligament is the anterior talofibular ligament that connects the front of the fibula to the talus bone on the front outer rim of the ankle joint. Ligaments are sprained when a great than normal force is placed on it. This is done when the foot is inverted most of the time. This happens when the foot is awkwardly planted or is stepped upon during activities. Stepping in a surface that is irregular, such as in an athletic event when one player steps on another player foot a sprain can result. Background A twenty-one year old female, basketball player experienced an ankle sprain by accidentally stepping on another player’s foot. The player was going up to make a shot landed on the opponents foot when she came back down, which made her ankle invert. The head athletic trainer evaluated her then taped her ankle to provide support and keep the swelling to a minimum at that time, so the player could return to play. Immediately after the game, the player’s ankle was iced down to control the swelling and was receiving NSAID’s to help with the pain or discomfort she was feeling. The player was referred to the team physician for x-rays and MRI to help rule out fractures. Treatment was started to help relieving the swelling and pain. Treatment In the first couple of days of rehab, she received high volt, and ice to help with the swelling she also did ankle pumps that also help with moving out the inflammation. As each day went by, towel scrunches, towel stretches were performed as three set each. Compression pumps were administered for 15 minutes several times a week, rhythmic stabilization, and aquatic therapeutic exercises were added as she got closer to the sub acute phase. The sub acute phases are about six days to until six weeks. In this stage she was allowed to jog straight ahead, trying wide figure-eight at first. Eventually the player was either on the bike or the stair stepper for 10 minutes a day. After the bike she was moved to the shuttle press with four cords, and three sets of ten, after the shuttle she did calf raises. The farther she progressed, the whirlpool was introduced, and both hot and cold water. Two set of tens, in all four directions using Therband was the next step of treatment; ultrasound was done to help break up scar tissue that had started to form. As her ROM improved along with other tests, she was moving closer to the return to play phase. The return to play phase this is when functional test and sport specific drill can be started. Functional testing is important along with continuing with other exercises and modalities. She moved to three set of fifteen with a Therband in all direction, hot pack assisted with high volt was added. Following the Therband the shuttle with the dynadisc, doing three set of fifteen along with four cords, she also did towel scrunches five times; wobble board, marbles and exercise. ROM exercise was done to increase plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Differential Diagnosis There are many kinds of ankle injuries that can be present in variety of ways. The calcaneocuboid joint injury is a kind of inversion ankle sprain that involves the ligament overlying that joint. Which cause immediate swelling, pain and tenderness to the touch? The pain is localized to that region of the joint. The deltoid ligament resists abduction and lateral rotation of the ankle. However sudden forceful motion of the ankle may tear the ligament or stress it. The ligament may avulse that is attacked to the malleolus; a vast majority of case, there will be a tear through the ligament. The tear could be associated with compression of the talar joint. There could be an injury also to the ATFL and the CF ligament. Conclusion The player went through all the appropriate phases to get back in to the return to play phase. She will continue to do rehab so that her ankle with improve and get stronger.

Free Essays on Palestine

PALESTINE. The region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea that was known as Palestine changed its identity in May 1948. At that time most of the territory became the state of Israel. A portion adjacent to and west of the river was taken by Jordan, earlier known as Transjordan, in the 1948 war for Israel's independence. This area later became known as the West Bank. This division between Jordan and Israel reflects modern historical developments. Until World War I and its aftermath, Palestine was also considered to include lands east of the Jordan River. In 1921 Great Britain, which then administered Palestine, partitioned the area, creating the emirate of Transjordan on the east side of the river. It was this region, with the West Bank, that became known as Jordan in 1949. During the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Israel occupied the West Bank, a situation that continues. Palestine's significance has always been far greater than its size. Strategically located at the joining of Africa and Southwest Asia, Palestine was traditionally fought over by great powers in Egypt and Mesopotamia in ancient times. Later Christian crusaders from Europe occupied the area, seeking to remove the region from Muslim control. Finally the Zionist movement sought to restore Jewish rule over the region that was once part of the kingdom of Israel. Zionists gained British aid in these efforts. The new state of Israel is partly the result of both efforts that stemmed from the formation of Zionism as a major political movement in the late 19th century and worldwide horror at the murders of 6 million Jews during World War II. Palestine's geopolitical and historical significance is linked to its position in three major religions Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The city of Jerusalem is especially significant to these religions. To Jews Palestine is the site of the ancient kingdom of Israel and the land traditionally promised to them by God.Jerusalem is t... Free Essays on Palestine Free Essays on Palestine PALESTINE. The region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea that was known as Palestine changed its identity in May 1948. At that time most of the territory became the state of Israel. A portion adjacent to and west of the river was taken by Jordan, earlier known as Transjordan, in the 1948 war for Israel's independence. This area later became known as the West Bank. This division between Jordan and Israel reflects modern historical developments. Until World War I and its aftermath, Palestine was also considered to include lands east of the Jordan River. In 1921 Great Britain, which then administered Palestine, partitioned the area, creating the emirate of Transjordan on the east side of the river. It was this region, with the West Bank, that became known as Jordan in 1949. During the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Israel occupied the West Bank, a situation that continues. Palestine's significance has always been far greater than its size. Strategically located at the joining of Africa and Southwest Asia, Palestine was traditionally fought over by great powers in Egypt and Mesopotamia in ancient times. Later Christian crusaders from Europe occupied the area, seeking to remove the region from Muslim control. Finally the Zionist movement sought to restore Jewish rule over the region that was once part of the kingdom of Israel. Zionists gained British aid in these efforts. The new state of Israel is partly the result of both efforts that stemmed from the formation of Zionism as a major political movement in the late 19th century and worldwide horror at the murders of 6 million Jews during World War II. Palestine's geopolitical and historical significance is linked to its position in three major religions Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The city of Jerusalem is especially significant to these religions. To Jews Palestine is the site of the ancient kingdom of Israel and the land traditionally promised to them by God.Jerusalem is t...

Abuse in the Novel Beloved

Many of the characters from the novel Beloved suffered extreme abuse. Sethe, an independent mother, was no exception to the abuse. Sethe survived through many different accounts of mistreatment. The school teacher’s nephews made Sethe suffer the cruelest oppression. They held her down against her will, while she was pregnant, and brutally stole the milk that her body was producing for her child. This is the worst pain for Sethe because, besides the obvious obtrusions, she feared she would not be able to provide for her baby after it was born. A mother’s worst fear is being unable to provide for her children and this is the fear they instilled in her. This was not the end of the violence toward Sethe from these[insert a word that means a group of abusers here]. When the school teacher founds out that Sethe tells of the mistreatment she suffered because of his nephews he orders them to whip her. Sethe is brutally beaten by this group of young men. The result of the merciless beaten is a form of large scars that shape a tree on Sethe’s back. The tree may be a symbol of a family tree, and in Sethe’s case an incomplete family tree. Sethe’s family tree is incomplete because she killed her daughter, Beloved. The ghost of Sethe’s murdered daughter, Beloved, haunts the house where Sethe and the rest of her family live. The ghost torments them enough to drives away Sethe’s two sons, Howard and Buglar. Sethe undergoes torment from almost every possible angle but she refuses to run away any more.

People who will embrace your transformation in to a college educated Article

People who will embrace your transformation in to a college educated person - Article Example This was something they look upon as their gift to me without any monetary equivalent. The support that they provide is not only financial but also moral and spiritual in value. As I journey into the midst of what’s to come, knowing that they will always be there as I strive for success is more than enough to consistently boost my confidence. Nevertheless, I am aware that there are people who will want to drag me down. Some in our immediate family think that college education is not necessary to thrive in life. They maintain that it is in one’s skills and sheer hard work that one gets a good job. Even more understandable is the consequent truth that a diploma costs a lot and this will translate to a huge dent in our financial stability. I recognize that there is a necessity for me to work harder in achieving my goals. Having a clearer path in what I want in life would help in overcoming these apprehensions. College education will allow me not only to have a mere piece of paper but to have life experiences that will lead me to realize where I am heading to in the

Solar energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Solar energy - Essay Example Organizations and industry likewise utilize these technologies to broaden their energy sources, enhance productivity, and recovery cash. Sun based photovoltaic and concentrating sun powered force technologies are likewise being utilized by engineers and utilities to process power on a monstrous scale to power urban communities and residential areas. Sun powered force is generated by gathering daylight and changing over it into power. This is carried out by utilizing sun powered boards, which are vast even boards made up of numerous singular sunlight based cells. It is frequently utilized as a part of remote areas, in spite of the fact that it is getting to be more famous in urban territories too. This page holds articles that investigate propels in sunlight based energy engineering. Numerous individuals are acquainted with supposed photovoltaic cells, or sun powered boards, found on things like space apparatus, housetops, and handheld adding machines. The cells are made of semiconductor materials like those found in PC chips. The point when daylight hits the units, it thumps electrons detached from their molecules. As the electrons course through the unit, they produce power. On a much bigger scale, sunlight based warm power plants utilize different strategies to think the suns energy as a high temperature source. The high temperature is then used to bubble water to drive a steam turbine that produces power in much the same form as coal and atomic force plants, supplying power for many individuals. Sun powered energy is praised as a limitless fuel source that is contamination and regularly commotion free. The engineering is likewise flexible. For instance, sun based units produce energy for far-out spots like satellites in Earth circle and lodges profound in the Rocky Mountains as effectively as they can control downtown edifices and cutting edge autos. However sun powered energy doesnt work

Strategic Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Management Paper - Essay Example The strengths that are associated with the New York Times are based on the concept of diversity that has been incorporated into the main part of the platform. The main creation of news is one that is based on providing diversity at three levels, including the local, national and international realms. More important, the New York Times has expanded into a new market that is able to incorporate several concepts and applications that are a part of the main strengths. The main platform has developed into a news arena that is able to focus on several target markets while providing general news that was a part of the foundation of the company. The weaknesses that are associated with the New York Times are based on the sense of production and research and development that is associated with the company. Instead of creating a specific association with a specific type of production, there is a building into diversity that is all in one newspaper. The production is limited to the multimedia, trends and demands that are from the market. However, there isn’t a niche market or a specific association with diversifying the market in an alternative manner. At the same time, there is a broader range of the market to cover because of the move into globalization with a focus specifically that comes from New York. For the production to continue to work effectively, they will have to continue working toward diversifying the market, working with the changing media and building branches within the business. The internal factors that are associated with the strengths and weaknesses begin with the management. The management is able to provide strength because of the diversity of the company as well as the association with the global market. The internal management compliments this with changing the portfolio that is within the company through news reports and digital media. The association is based on diversity for local

Robotic Cultivation System Design

Robotic Cultivation System Design Abstract Population of the world is growing rapidly and this rapid growth demands more food. Due to the advancement and revolution boost in petrochemical industries, the agriculture industry also have some developments, but at the cost of soil, environment, and our health. The conventional agriculture industry needs sustainability, improvement, robustness, and automation. Moreover, to keep pace with the requirements, we require machinery support that can perform its tasks more precisely and swiftly, according to the given instruction. In our proposed idea of Robotic Cultivation System, the crux objective is to flourish your garden without any supervision of the farmers. This system works effectively in such areas where farmers face difficulties in farming. The system is designed to perform many tasks including weeding tool, soil moisture, seed injecting, and watering. All these parameters are remotely accessible through any device and continues update of the aforementioned parameters on the w ebsite. Robotic Cultivation System can operate on grid as well as on renewable solar energy. However, it can be scalable from your backyard to agriculture industry. Subsequently, due to less energy consumption and its vital properties, Robotic Cultivation System will be a great revolution in agribusiness. Introduction Pakistan is an agricultural country, where cultivation plays a vital role to maintain the economy. Population of our country is growing rapidly and this rapid growth demands more food. The number of agriculture universities and lack of awareness and research, also has a great influence on the production of food. Developing countries are converting farmer hardship into modern scientific methods by using automation that works more accurately, swiftly, and produce more yield per acre. Farmers waste a lot of water to irrigate their lands which affects the growth of crops, therefore the new conventional paradigm has to devise some method to control the wastage of water. The inadequate quality control measures and poor seeding also affects the augmentation of food production. All these repercussions need to be revamped in order to get fresh and healthy crops. Moreover, through research and past knowledge we can use less human struggle to cover more land per cultivation reducing hectic and tiresome practices. The use of chemicals, which are being used to kill pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, also needs to be curbed, as these chemicals lead to serious health hazards. Limited and unleveled land with low per acre yield are prominent factors which we are facing in production of food crops. Now-a- days engineers have designed various methods which can help the farmers to overcome these limitations and increase food production. Being an agricultural country, we need a lot of improvement and prosperity to overcome the major problems in cultivation system of Pakistan. When presented with the current food production system one cannot look past how broken it is. We have surrendered our knowledge in control over, how our food been produced and as a result we are destroying our health and the environment. We have to change that by an idea of new pyridine of food production. The idea lies in the intersection of automation, the open source DIY maker movement and small scale polygraph farming. The Robotic Cultivation System is designed to move around X, Y, and Z space, day and night, seven days a week growing food. The system precisely sows seeds in any pattern and density you want and waters them efficiently, the exact amount that each plant needs based on its type, according to the plants age, soil, local weather conditions and your growing preferences. The Robotic Cultivation System can grow variety of crops, all in the same area, at the same time. Each plant is cared individually in an optimize and automated way. By growing many type of plants at onc e, your garden will benefit from the natural advantages of poly cropping and croporation. Using the onboard camera and advance computer vision software, the system intelligently monitors your garden. With the soil sensor, it tells how your gardens moisture level changes over time, enabling smarter and more efficient farming with each passing season. By this system your garden will flourish, and your plants will frieze. Moreover, you can control Robotic Cultivation System with powerful web based interface. The hardware design of the system is scalable, from your backyard to agriculture industry. Also, it can operate on renewable solar power. The system is perfect to get started in a small space, can be placed outdoors or in a green house or even on a roof top. Objectives Construction and Implementation of Cultivation Robot. It has two operating nodes, off grid and on grid. Remote access through any device and continues update of four parameters such as, moisture of soil before and after watering, quantity of water, and parameter measuring time stamp on website. Online access of weather conditions of the area to define the watering pattern for different vergtion in order to maintain moisture level of the area. Cost analysis of the project based on the real time data collected parameter in step number three. Optional Yield a vegetation pattern of a person and recommend to grow vegetable needed for the person for food using age, blood sugar, and weight. One person has the input over the cycle of one year (Diet Chart). Plant inspection using Digital Image Processing.

Software Piracy And Its Effects Essay -- essays research papers

Software Piracy and it's Effects Identification and Description of the Issue Copyright law are perhaps those laws which are breached the most by individual on a daily bases. This is because one might not know be informed about these law or because not much is done to enforce these law. Also some countries of the world have no Copyright laws. Software Piracy is a breach of a copyright law as one copies data contained on the medium on to another medium without the consent of the owner of the Software. When one buy a software one buys not the software content and therefore it isn't ones property. Instead one buy the license to use the software with accordance to the licensing agreement. Software companies invest a lot of time and money in creating a Software and the company rely upon the sales of the Software for it's survival. If illegal copies are made of Software the companies earns no money and could therefore be forced into bankruptcy. Software Piracy can be compared to robbing as one is stealing the goods of someone else and using it without paying for it. Up to 13 Billions dollars are lost in computer piracy yearly and in order to overcome these cost the company are force to rise the prices of their product. Brand name are properties of their respected companies and they have the right to protect their properties. Understanding of the IT background of the Issue Software is contained on disc or on a CD-ROM. Pirates copy can easily be made of Software on disc by copying from one disc to another disc. For CD-ROM one needs a CD-ROM burner or one copies the content onto a large hard disc and then on to a floppy disc. There are some underground bulletin boards ( BBS ) that contain pirate software. A user who logs on to one of these BBS can download Full version of Pirate Software provided one too can give something in return. On the Internet there are binary Newsgroup such as alt.binaries.warez, WWW pages and FTP sites that also contain Pirate Software. On the Newsgroup the Files are send upon request from anonymous users. As a result people who have access to the Internet can retrieve these Software Program free of charge. The person posting the Pirate software could be from a countries that has no copyright laws. These methods used in Software Piracy are hard to stop because of the fact it is done on the Internet and between individual form different co... ...e it to unlikely that any new copy protection will not be cracked. To much copy protection could drive away legitimate consumers. Till now politician haven't really looked into the problem of Software piracy and Copyrights very thoroughly as they think that there are bigger problems to solve. Once though legislation are passes and people made aware that Software Piracy is a crime one could see a fall in Software Piracy. In dealing with other country involves a lot of bureaucracy but also a committed government. For anything to occur on the political level could take years for any effects to be seen. It has the greatest chance of solving the problem in the long run. In the technological side one could solve the problem only one a short term but implementation would be fast. Sources Internet Page WWW.pcworld.com/News December 96 Business Software Alliance Information Sheet on Software Piracy Computer Ethics Tom Forester &Perry Morrison Chapter3 "Software Theft" page 51-72 CNN Computer Connection December 96 - January 97 PC Magazine entire 96 Volume Reuters InfoWorld, Vol.19, No.6 Reuters 6 Feb. 97 Media Daily, Jan 30, 1997 Article on FBI crackdown on Software Pirates

Information Technology Acts Paper Essay

Have you ever been sitting at home relaxing when the phone rings and it is a telemarketer on the other line trying to sell you something? You didn’t reach out to the company on the other line prompting this intrusion. Most of the time, you don’t even want the product they are selling. This is an issue that has plagued millions of people across the United States since the mid-to-late eighties when businesses started using the telephone in order to market and sell their products. Two Acts in particular have been passed in order to help battle telemarketers and maintain residencies’ privacy when it comes to the telephone. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) was passed in 1991 was implemented because of the increasing amount of commercial solicitation calls consumers were receiving. The act laid out rules that companies must abide by when marketing through the telephone. Some of these rules consisted of providing the solicitor’s name, the name of the entity whose behalf the call is being made, and a telephone number or address where they can be contacted. Another is that solicitation calls can only be made between the hours of 8 am and 9 pm. Finally telemarketers must abide by any do not call requests from consumers. According to â€Å"Unwanted Telephone Marketing Calls† (2013), â€Å" In June 2003, the FCC supplemented its original rules implementing the TCPA and established, together with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the national Do-Not-Call list. † George W. Bush signed the Do-Not-Call Implementation Act into law on June 11th, 2003. This Act in conjunction with the TCPA, the Do-Not-Call Implementation Act is also here to protect the consumer from unwanted phone calls. There is a grace period of 31 days that the consumer has to put their phone number on this list from the day the number is registered. Companies can be sued by individuals for not upholding rules by which these to Acts represent. States can also initiate civil action against offending companies. Individuals can also file complaints through the FCC. These are a few of the ways the TCPA and Do-Not-Call Implementation Acts can be enforced. They are only here to protect the consumer and we are all better off for them.

A Glimpse of the Japanese Era through Filipino Paintings Essay

I.1 Background in the selection of the topic and AV Media to use. In Philippine history, many countries had tried to own the lands from when the time Spaniards first stepped in to the time of World War II where the country was invaded by Japanese army. Because of the invasions and wars, many Filipino people sacrificed their lives for freedom and democracy. Just like the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal who sacrificed his life to awaken people’s patriotism, many artists also made artworks to express their feelings on how the natives were treated back then. Flash card, from the term itself, is a card used to display something including words and even images for pictorial cards just like posters. They are simple, cheap, versatile, yet often underexploited resources. Using them is a great way to present topics that include images and other visual symbols. With the aid of flash cards as instructional module, audience could learn better, understand and remember about the life of the Filipino people under the Japanese administration through some of the paintings made by Filipino painters. I.2 Importance and Significance of the chosen topic and the AV Media to use At present, the rise of new artworks is noticeable worldwide. Sometimes, artworks of the earlier times are neglected and forgotten, thus this topic is chosen to have a glimpse of our past and look back on the happenings that leaved significant marks in our history. This topic would also help the present generation recall about the country’s historical events and create a sense of nationalism to fight for freedom. Topics on artworks such as in the field of painting should at least include visual media to enhance discussion and keep the interest of the audience. The use of flash cards with printed image of the actual paintings on the Japanese occupation could help audience visualize, learn more and understand better the life of the people and the condition of the country back then. On the side of the lecturer, he doesn’t have to spend too much since he can create his own sets of flash cards for his specific needs. IIOBJECTIVES. II.1 General Objective To describe the art of painting that reflects the condition of the country during the Japanese times II.2 Specific Objectives To describe the nature of the paintings of the Japanese era and the styles used by the painters To discuss the purpose or intention of the painters and what message they want to convey in making their artwork III.DISCUSSION III.1 Review of Literature of the chosen Topic and AV Media Chosen From one colonizer to another–after more than three centuries of Spanish rule, the Americans came and then the Japanese to enslave our country. In response to the Japanese propaganda, according to Dr. Alice G. Guillermo, Filipino painters reacted by producing the following works: †¢ paintings that may be implicitly supportive of the Japanese occupation such as Vicente Alvarez Dizon’s â€Å"A Day Begins† done in 1942 †¢ genre scenes that seem neutral such as Crispin V. Lopez’s â€Å"Baguio Market† made in 1943 showing Japanese soldiers interacting with women vegetable vendors †¢ paintings that bring out national identity such as Emilio G. Santiago’s â€Å"Christmas Eve† made in 1942 which shows a traditional Filipino scene that evokes nostalgia †¢ paintings alluding to the social conditions of the time such as Pilar M. Santiago’s â€Å"Evacuees† made in 1941,Irineo Miranda’s Home from Work made in 1944, and Simon Saulog’s Conspiracy made in 1943 which shows a group of men in an evening meeting which suggests to the underground anti-Japanese movement. A suspension on artistic activity was prevalent during the Japanese occupation. However, some visual artists still managed to produce artworks based on the atrocities brought by the war. Artists represented in the collection: Dominador Castaà ±eda, Demetrio Diego, Diosdado Lorenzo, Romeo Tabuena, Gene Cabrera and others. In the field of painting, the most disturbing and the largest is Diosdado Lorenzo’s â€Å"Rape and Massacre in Ermita†. Lorenzo’s painting portraying two Japanese soldiers raping and killing family members in an Ermita home depicted a common horror not just in Manila neighborhoods but throughout many parts of the country. A young girl in the foreground is already dead from stab wounds, while another young girl with long hair in the background is naked and wounded. The husband has just been bayoneted. The wife struggling with a Japanese soldier clutching a knife, her breasts exposed, is about to be raped and murdered. A crying baby in a crib is a foreboding sign. There were countless stories by World War II survivors who saw Japanese soldiers flinging babies into the air and thrusting them with bayonets as they fell to earth. An altar with dangling rosaries is set on one side, mute and helpless. Tropical foliage seen from an open window vainly hides the fire and terror occurring outside. Dominador Castaneda’s work, entitled â€Å"Doomed Family† is of a different intensity but harrowing as well. Done in 1945, this oil on canvas has the feel of a silent scream. A mother lays dead; her long hair on the floor simulates blood. A lifeless father is bound in rope, his bloodied back mercilessly whipped. A child, still alive and tied, has her mouth open emitting perhaps a frightened helpless wail. One cannot tell if they are depicted in a home or in a cell. Their doom in the dark is the only certainty. A third painting related to World War II is entitled â€Å"Capas† by Demetrio Diego, a distinguished painter and former chief artist for the Sunday Times Magazine. It depicts the slow and agonizing death of Filipino prisoners-of-war in a Tarlac internment camp. The prisoner in the center seems to check on his companion’s condition beside him. The act is noble but futile. A man seated at the foot of the bamboo bed is malnourished and ready to die. Another famous Filipino historical and war painter is Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto. He is known as â€Å"The Painter of Philippine Sunlight† because his works capture the brilliance of the Philippine sun. He paints from within the Filipino values, character and soul. The artistic trademark of Amorsolo and his greatest contribution to Philippine painting is the backlighting technique. In a typical Amorsolo painting, figures are outlined against a characteristic glow, and intense light on one part of the canvas highlights nearby details. Portrayals of human sorrow and suffering were revealed through his illustrations of â€Å"women mourning their dead husbands, files of people with pushcarts and makeshift bags leaving a dark burning city tinged with red from fire and blood†. One particular painting, the Defense of a Filipina Woman’s Honor (1945), had two figures huddled in a corner: a man defiantly about to defend his wife or daughter from being raped or executed by an invisible Japanese soldier. The Japanese soldier is outside Amorsolo’s canvas, but from the defiant look of the man, it can be assumed that the intruder is still inside the house. This painting represented his unspoken defiance against oppression. There are several ways of presenting the topic—one of which is the use of flash cards especially for the images of the paintings which portrays the happenings in the Philippine history. Though there are other better ways of presenting it such as through PowerPoint, flash cards are more applicable especially when there is no access to computer for the operation, and they can also be used as back-up modules if ever there is power failure during the PowerPoint presentation. Flash cards are handy and cheaper compared to other AV media. The thing that matters most when using flash cards is that they should be of the same sizes that are visible to a certain size of audience. III.2 Materials and Procedure in the Preparation of the AV Media The materials needed in the discussion are: cards (folder size) to be used as flash cards, printed photos or images of the paintings, and glue to mount the printed images on the cards. The first step in the production of the AV media is choosing an interesting topic that is applicable for the chosen media. Researching for related literature follows and summarizing the content of the research by choosing the most important details for the presentation. Next is to have printed image of the paintings included in the research made and mounting them to the folder-size cards. The last thing to do is to practice for the presentation and proper use of the media chosen. III.3 Application of the AV Media The flash cards will be used in presenting the paintings made by the Filipino painters on the Japanese occupation. They will also be used to present important facts such as the title of the paintings, names of the painters and a little detail of the paintings shown. This will help audience to get familiar with the artworks, remember who painted them and what the paintings were implying. III.4 Sample Test/ Evaluation questions 1. Who are some of the Filipino painters who made paintings about the Japanese period in the country? 2. What common message do their paintings convey? 3. What are the media used by these painters in creating their pieces? 4. What is the name of the Dominador Castaneda’s painting? 5. What happened to the artistic activities during the Japanese occupation? 6. Who was called as â€Å"the Painter of the Philippine Sunlight?† 7. What was Amosrolo’s biggest contribution to the Philippine painting? 8. Who was the painter of the â€Å"Rape and Massacre in Ermita†? 9. How was the life of Filipinos during Japanese occupation? 10. What does â€Å"Capas† by Demetrio Diego depicts? IVCONCLUSION In the Philippines, almost all fields of art and our history have connections to other countries. The culture that the Filipinos have at present was influenced by the foreign countries that once colonized the Philippines. For the four years of the Japanese occupation, from 1941 to 1945, the colonizers, as a means of propaganda, used the visual arts. They produced posters, leaflets, flyers, comics, and illustrations that were dropped from passing airplanes. These included colored drawings, watercolor, photographs, photomontages, or calendar illustrations. The sixties and the seventies became a period of experimentation and exploration of new media, techniques, styles, forms of expression, and concepts in art. It also marked the increased consciousness of visual artists to bring their art closer to the people through forms like murals, prints, and cartoons. Paintings, for example, were one of the artworks that the Filipino people used in expressing their feelings to awaken patriotism of their countrymen. V.SUMMARY. In Philippine history, many countries had tried to own the lands from when the time Spaniards first stepped in to the time of World War II where the country was invaded by Japanese army. Because of the invasions and wars, many Filipino people sacrificed their lives for freedom and democracy. Just like the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal who sacrificed his life to awaken people’s patriotism, many artists also made artworks to express their feelings on how the natives were treated back then. At present, the rise of new artworks is noticeable worldwide. Sometimes, artworks of the earlier times are neglected and forgotten, thus this topic is chosen to have a glimpse of our past and look back on the happenings that leaved significant marks in our history. The general objective of this module is to describe the art of painting that reflects the condition of the country during the Japanese times. Specific objectives are: to describe the nature of the paintings of the Japanese era and the styles used by the painters; and to discuss the purpose or intention of the painters and what message they want to convey in making their artwork. There are several ways of presenting the topic—one of which is the use of flash cards especially for the images of the paintings which portrays the happenings in the Philippine history. Though there are other better ways of presenting it such as through PowerPoint, flash cards are more applicable especially when there is no access to computer for the operation, and they can also be used as back-up modules if ever there is power failure during the PowerPoint presentation. The flash cards will be used in presenting the paintings made by the Filipino painters on the Japanese occupation. They will also be used to present important facts such as the title of the paintings, names of the painters and a little detail of the paintings shown. This will help audience to get familiar with the artworks, remember who painted them and what the paintings were implying. For the four years of the Japanese occupation, from 1941 to 1945, the colonizers, as a means of propaganda, used the visual arts. The sixties and the seventies became a period of experimentation and exploration of new media, techniques, styles, forms of expression, and concepts in art. It also marked the increased consciousness of visual artists to bring their art closer to the people through forms like murals, prints, and cartoons. Paintings, for example, were one of the artworks that .the Filipino people used in expressing their feelings to awaken patriotism of their countrymen. VI.REFERENCES Silva, John L. March 4, 2007. â€Å"Paintings To Remind Us Of Japanese Cruelties In World. War II†.John’s Thoughts And Deeds. Hernandez, Eloisa May P. â€Å"The American and Contemporary Traditions in Philippine Visual Arts†. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Salvio, Ma. Czarina Colleen C. September 2011. â€Å"Philippine Art Paintings†. When my Life Begins. http://colleensalvio.blogspot.com/2011/09/philippine-art-paintings.html http://littleprincess1.hubpages.com/hub/The-Controversial-Painting http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fernando_Amorsolo#Historical_and_War_ Paintings Killkathari. February 2013. B’s LOG 5. http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/using-flash-cards-young-learners.